In this video, Noël introduced and explained CSS pseudo-classes and pseudo-element selectors, covering their syntax, functionality, and various types. He discussed common structural, location, and user action pseudo-classes, demonstrating their applications in different HTML structures and encouraging critical thinking among attendees. Noël also explored the use of pseudo-element selectors for creating fictional elements and generating content, highlighting their potential for styling and enhancing web design while noting some limitations in browser support.